Naturalization is the process by which a non-U.S. citizen voluntarily becomes an American citizen.

To be eligible for naturalization, you must: • Be at least 18 years old at the time of filing. • Be a permanent resident (have a Green Card) for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). • Have continuous residence and physical presence in the U.S. • Be able to read, write, and speak basic English. • Have a basic understanding of U.S. history and government (civics). • Be a person of good moral character. • Demonstrate an attachment to the principles and ideals of the U.S. Constitution.

You need to file Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). You can file online or by mail.

You will need to submit: • A completed Form N-400. • A copy of your Permanent Resident Card (Green Card). • Two passport-style photographs (if you reside outside the United States). • Any additional documents that support your eligibility (such as proof of marriage to a U.S. citizen if applying based on that).

As of 2024, the filing fee for Form N-400 is $725, which includes $640 for processing and $85 for biometric services. Fee waivers are available for those who qualify.

The process can take between 8 to 14 months from the time of application to the oath ceremony, depending on various factors such as your location and the complexity of your case.

The interview includes: • A review of your application and background. • An English test (reading, writing, and speaking). • A civics test covering U.S. history and government.

If you fail any part of the test, you will be given another opportunity to take the test, typically within 60 to 90 days of your first interview.

The Oath of Allegiance is the final step in the naturalization process. During the oath ceremony, you pledge your allegiance to the United States, renounce any foreign allegiances, and commit to supporting and defending the U.S. Constitution and laws.

Yes, you can travel outside the U.S., but you must ensure it does not interfere with your continuous residence requirement or your scheduled appointments with USCIS.

As a U.S. citizen, you gain the right to vote, apply for federal jobs, obtain a U.S. passport, sponsor relatives for immigration, and more. You also accept responsibilities such as serving on a jury, paying taxes, and defending the country if necessary.